Tongue Cancer

Tongue cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells on the tongue. In most cases, it originates from the cells (squamous cells) that cover the surface of the tongue. Tongue cancer typically occurs in two areas:

1-) Front of the Tongue: This refers to the visible, movable part of the tongue. This type is often detected earlier.

2-) Base of the Tongue: This refers to the back part of the tongue near the throat. This type is usually diagnosed at a later stage.

Tongue cancer is also associated with oral cancers and can affect nearby tissues.

What Causes Tongue Cancer?

The exact cause of tongue cancer is not always known, but several factors can increase the risk:

• Smoking and Alcohol: Smokers are at a significantly higher risk of developing tongue cancer compared to non-smokers. Alcohol consumption further amplifies this risk.
• HPV Infection: The human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly sexually transmitted types, can increase the risk of tongue cancer.
• Age and Gender: Tongue cancer is more common in men over the age of 40.
• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of cancer may also increase the risk.

In some cases, tongue cancer can develop without any apparent risk factors.

What Are the Symptoms of Tongue Cancer?

Symptoms of tongue cancer vary depending on whether it occurs in the front part or the base of the tongue:

Front of the Tongue:

• A painful or painless sore or lump on the side of the tongue.
• Gray-pink or red-colored sores that bleed easily.
• Difficulty or pain when moving the tongue.

Base of the Tongue:

• Persistent pain or a feeling of fullness in the throat.
• Difficulty swallowing or a sensation of something stuck in the throat.
• Voice changes or hoarseness.
• Swelling or a lump in the neck.
• Pain or discomfort in the ear.

If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a doctor promptly.

How Is Tongue Cancer Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of tongue cancer involves several steps:

1-) Doctor’s Examination: The doctor examines the tongue, mouth, and neck for any abnormalities.

2-) Imaging Tests:

• MRI or CT Scan: Used to determine the size and spread of the tumor.
• PET Scan: Detects the activity of cancerous cells.

3-) Biopsy: A small tissue sample from the suspicious area is taken for laboratory analysis to confirm the diagnosis.

How Is Tongue Cancer Treated?

Treatment depends on the size, location, and stage of the cancer. Common treatments include:

1-) Surgery:

• Small tumors are often completely removed through surgery.
• For larger tumors, surrounding tissues and lymph nodes may also be removed.
• Post-surgery, speech and swallowing functions may be affected, but reconstructive surgery can significantly reduce these effects.

2-) Radiation Therapy:

• High-energy beams are used to destroy or shrink cancer cells.
• Treatment typically lasts 5-6 weeks, with sessions 5 days a week.

3-) Chemotherapy:

• Drugs are used to kill cancer cells.
• It can be combined with radiation therapy or used to alleviate symptoms in advanced cancer cases.

How Can You Prevent Tongue Cancer?

To reduce the risk of tongue cancer, consider the following:

• Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Quitting tobacco and alcohol significantly reduces the risk.
• Get HPV Vaccination: Protects against the human papillomavirus.
• Regular Check-ups: If you notice a sore or lump on your tongue or mouth, consult a specialist immediately.

Conclusion: Early Detection Saves Lives

Although tongue cancer is a serious condition, it is highly treatable when detected early. If you experience persistent sores, lumps, or pain in your tongue or mouth, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. Remember, a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups can significantly minimize your risks.