What Are Vocal Cord Polyps?

Vocal cord polyps are soft, often fluid-filled, swollen growths that develop on the vocal cords. They disrupt the normal vibration of the vocal cords, preventing the production of a clear sound. This condition may result in a person’s voice sounding hoarse, weak, or strained. Vocal cord polyps often arise from excessive voice use, exposure to irritants, or certain health conditions.

Vocal Cord Polyps vs. Nodules: What’s the Difference?

Many people confuse vocal cord polyps with nodules. Nodules are typically symmetrical, firm structures found on both sides of the vocal cords, while polyps are larger, softer, and usually unilateral. Polyps may cause more noticeable changes to the voice compared to nodules.

Symptoms of Vocal Cord Polyps

The symptoms of vocal cord polyps vary among individuals. Common symptoms include:

  • Hoarseness: This is the most prominent symptom of polyps. The voice may sound raspy, weak, or even disappear completely.
  • Changes in Voice Pitch: Polyps can affect the resonance of the voice, leading to sudden changes in pitch.
  • Fatigue During Speaking: Individuals may find it challenging to control their voice and tire quickly while speaking.
  • Throat Discomfort: Polyps may cause a sensation of fullness or the presence of a foreign object in the throat.
  • Breathlessness: Larger polyps can make breathing, particularly during speech, more difficult.

Causes of Vocal Cord Polyps

Several factors contribute to the development of vocal cord polyps, including:

Excessive Voice Use: Speaking loudly, yelling, or prolonged singing can damage the vocal cords. Individuals who use their voices professionally, such as teachers, singers, and broadcasters, are at a higher risk.

Smoking: Tobacco smoke irritates the vocal cords, promoting polyp formation.

Reflux: Stomach acid traveling up into the esophagus and reaching the vocal cords can cause irritation and eventually lead to polyp formation.

Exposure to Chemicals: Prolonged exposure to chemical fumes or irritants in the workplace may negatively impact vocal cord health.

Chronic Infections and Allergies: Persistent postnasal drip or nasal congestion can overburden the vocal cords, facilitating polyp development.

Impact of Vocal Cord Polyps on Quality of Life

Vocal cord polyps affect not just physical health but also social and professional life. The potential impacts include:

  • Professional Challenges: Individuals who heavily rely on their voice may struggle significantly. A teacher communicating with students or a singer performing may find their tasks impossible due to polyps.
  • Social Isolation: Hoarseness or a strained voice might lead to reluctance to speak, causing disruptions in social relationships.
  • Psychological Effects: Voice-related issues can diminish self-confidence, potentially leading to stress or anxiety.

Treatment for Vocal Cord Polyps

Voice Therapy: Early-stage or smaller polyps may respond well to voice therapy. This approach teaches proper vocal cord usage to prevent polyp growth.

Vocal Cord Polyp Surgery: Larger or persistent polyps may require surgical removal. This is usually done using a minimally invasive technique called microlaryngoscopy.

Stages of Surgery:

  • General Anesthesia: The patient is put to sleep during the procedure.
  • Microscopic Examination: The surgeon examines the vocal cords in detail to locate the polyps.
  • Polyp Removal: Specialized micro-instruments or lasers are used to carefully remove the polyps.
  • Vocal Cord Evaluation: After the procedure, the vocal cords are checked to ensure their condition.

Pre- and Post-Surgery Guidelines

Pre-Surgery Preparation:

  • Resting the voice is crucial to prevent further irritation.
  • Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption.
  • Address accompanying conditions such as reflux.

Post-Surgery Recovery:

  • Complete vocal rest is required for the first week.
  • Increase water intake to keep the vocal cords hydrated.
  • Voice therapy is essential for learning proper vocal techniques during recovery.

Preventing Recurrence of Vocal Cord Polyps

To avoid recurrence after treatment, consider the following:

  • Continue Voice Therapy: Proper voice use can help prevent the return of polyps.
  • Avoid Smoking and Irritants: Keeping away from irritants protects the vocal cords.
  • Manage Reflux: Follow medical advice to prevent stomach acid from damaging the vocal cords.
  • Stay Hydrated: Adequate water intake helps maintain healthy, moist vocal cords.

Prof. Dr. Gediz Murat Serin

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    Prof. Dr. Gediz Murat Serin