What is a Vocal Cord Cyst?

A vocal cord cyst is a fluid-filled, usually benign cyst that forms on the vocal cords. These cysts can significantly affect the quality of the voice. The vocal cords are small muscles that vibrate when speaking, and when a cyst develops on them, it obstructs these vibrations. As a result, symptoms such as hoarseness, vocal strain, and voice fatigue may arise.

Vocal cord cysts typically develop due to excessive use of the vocal cords, infections, or genetic factors. This condition is more common among professional voice users, such as teachers, singers, and presenters. However, it can also occur in anyone in daily life.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Vocal Cord Cyst

The most common symptom of a vocal cord cyst is prolonged hoarseness. This type of hoarseness does not improve after a simple cold, and you may notice that your voice is less clear when speaking. Other symptoms may include:

• Raspy voice
• Difficulty speaking and quick fatigue
• Pressure sensation in the vocal cords
• Throat pain or discomfort

To diagnose this condition, it is necessary to consult an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. Experts can visualize your vocal cords through endoscopy or laryngoscopy to detect the presence of a cyst.

When is Surgery Necessary for a Vocal Cord Cyst?

Not every vocal cord cyst requires surgery. Small and asymptomatic cysts may shrink on their own over time or be managed with conservative treatments like voice therapy. However, surgery becomes necessary in the following situations:

• If the vocal cyst causes permanent damage to your voice
• If you experience severe hoarseness affecting your daily life
• If the cyst continues to grow and puts pressure on your vocal cords
• If there is no response to other treatments like voice therapy

The decision for surgery is carefully evaluated by an experienced ENT doctor. Vocal cord surgery is an important step for vocal health and must be performed at the right time.

Process of Vocal Cord Cyst Surgery

Preparation Before Surgery

Before the surgery, your doctor will conduct a detailed assessment of your vocal cords’ condition and your overall health. Generally, the following steps are taken:

• Detailed examination of the vocal cords: The vocal cords are visualized in detail through endoscopy before the surgery. This provides information about the size and location of the cyst.
• Voice therapy: Patients may be advised to undergo voice therapy before surgery. This therapy teaches techniques for proper voice use and reduces strain on the vocal cords.
• General health screening: Blood tests and other routine tests are performed. This step is necessary for the safety of the surgery.

On the Day of Surgery

Vocal cord cyst surgery is usually performed using endoscopic or laser surgery techniques. These methods are minimally invasive and allow for the removal of the cyst without damaging the vocal cords. The procedure typically proceeds as follows:

• Anesthesia is administered: The surgery is generally performed under general anesthesia, ensuring the patient is completely comfortable.
• Endoscopic intervention: The larynx is accessed using a device called a laryngoscope, and the cyst is carefully removed from the vocal cords.
• Use of laser: In some cases, laser surgery may be preferred. Removing the cyst with a laser leaves minimal damage to the vocal cords.

Post-Surgery Recovery Process

The recovery process after vocal cord surgery can vary from person to person. However, it generally includes the following steps:

• Speech restriction: After surgery, it is recommended to refrain from speaking for a few days to allow the vocal cords to heal fully.
• Voice therapy: Post-operative voice therapy is crucial. The therapy process should be closely monitored to ensure the voice is used correctly and the cyst does not recur.
• Dietary adjustments: Foods and beverages that may irritate the throat should be avoided. Especially spicy foods and acidic drinks can harm the vocal cords.

Risks of Vocal Cord Cyst Surgery

Like any surgery, vocal cord surgery carries some risks. However, these risks are quite low when performed by experienced surgeons. Potential risks include:

• Changes in voice quality: Surgical interventions on the vocal cords may cause changes in the tone or quality of the voice. However, this condition is usually temporary.
• Infection: There is a risk of infection after surgery. Therefore, prescribed antibiotics should be taken regularly.
• Recurrence of the cyst: In some cases, the cyst may recur. Therefore, follow-up after surgery is important.

Voice Therapy and Recovery After Surgery

Voice therapy is essential for fully regaining your voice after vocal cord surgery. This therapy teaches techniques for proper voice use and prevents strain on the vocal cords. The voice therapy process generally includes the following steps:

• Resting the voice: The voice is rested during the first few weeks after surgery. During this time, a speech restriction may be applied.
• Learning proper breathing techniques: Voice therapy includes learning correct breathing techniques. These techniques help prevent strain on the vocal cords.
• Re-educating the voice: The therapist provides specific exercises for proper voice use. These exercises help strengthen the vocal cords.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

A vocal cord cyst does not always require surgery. In some cases, the following conservative treatment methods may be preferred:

• Voice therapy: Especially small cysts can be treated with voice therapy. Therapy may effectively promote correct voice use and cyst reduction.
• Laser treatment: Non-invasive treatments performed with laser can allow for the cyst to be reduced without the need for surgical intervention.
• Steroid injections: Steroid injections administered to the vocal cords can help reduce the cyst and promote voice recovery.

Tips for Protecting Your Voice Health

To protect your voice health before or after surgery, you can pay attention to the following recommendations:

• Drink plenty of water: Keeping your vocal cords hydrated is essential for a healthy voice. Aim to consume at least 8 glasses of water daily.
• Avoid smoking: Smoking seriously damages the vocal cords. You should stay away from smoking to protect your voice health.
• Avoid shouting: Speaking loudly or shouting puts strain on your vocal cords and may lead to cyst formation.
• Undergo regular voice therapy: Especially professional voice users can protect their vocal cords with voice therapy.

How long does vocal cord cyst surgery take?

The surgery typically lasts 30-60 minutes, and you may be discharged the same day.

When will my voice return to normal after surgery?

It may take several weeks for your voice to fully return to normal. During this period, voice therapy is recommended.

In Conclusion

Vocal cord cyst surgery is an effective way to regain your voice health. With proper diagnosis, timely intervention, and post-operative care, you can achieve a clear and strong voice. It is crucial to adopt voice therapy and healthy lifestyle habits to protect your voice health.