Skin Cancer in the Head and Neck Region

Skin cancer in the head and neck region is a type of cancer caused by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of skin cells. Since the head and neck are among the most exposed areas to the sun, the risk of developing skin cancer in this region is higher.

Skin cancers are mainly divided into two primary groups:

Melanoma: The least common type of skin cancer, but the most dangerous. Melanoma can spread more easily compared to other skin cancers and may be harder to treat.
Non-melanoma skin cancers:
Squamous cell carcinoma: The second most common type of skin cancer. It can be more aggressive and may spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes.
Basal cell carcinoma: The most common type of skin cancer. It usually does not spread to lymph nodes but can damage surrounding tissues.

What Causes Skin Cancer in the Head and Neck Region?

1-)Prolonged exposure to sunlight: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can damage skin cells and lead to cancer.

2-)Use of tanning beds: Artificial tanning devices increase UV exposure and elevate the risk of skin cancer.

3-)Weakened immune system: Factors such as immunosuppressive drugs used after organ transplants can increase the likelihood of developing skin cancer.

4-)Radiotherapy: Previous radiation therapy applied to the head and neck region may contribute to the development of skin cancer in this area.

What Are the Symptoms of Skin Cancer in the Head and Neck Region?

Skin cancer is often noticed through changes on the skin’s surface. The following symptoms are warning signs to watch out for:

Wart-like growths: Abnormal, rough, or scaly lesions on the skin.
Non-healing sores: Wounds that remain open and do not heal.
Irregularly shaped moles: Changes in the shape, size, or color of an existing mole. Irregular borders, varying colors, and rapid growth may indicate melanoma.
Itching or bleeding: Lesions that itch, cause pain, or bleed.
Swollen lymph nodes: Swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck region may be an early sign of melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma.

How Is Skin Cancer in the Head and Neck Region Diagnosed?

The following methods are used to diagnose skin cancer:

1-)Clinical examination: Abnormalities on the skin are carefully examined.

2-)Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken from a suspicious lesion and examined under a microscope for a definitive diagnosis.

3-)Additional tests: For advanced types like melanoma, methods such as lymph node biopsy may be used to assess cancer spread.

What Are the Treatment Options for Skin Cancer in the Head and Neck Region?

Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer:

Basal and squamous cell carcinomas:

Surgery: A surgical method that removes the tumor entirely while preserving healthy surrounding tissue.
Radiotherapy or chemotherapy: These may be used in addition to surgery for advanced cases.

Melanoma:

Wide surgical excision: Removal of the cancerous area along with healthy surrounding tissue.
Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy: Used to prevent cancer spread and enhance treatment success.

The Importance of Early Detection

Early detection significantly increases the success rate of treatment for skin cancers in the head and neck region. If you notice an unusual change in your skin, seeking medical attention without delay can be life-saving. Remember, regular skin checks and sun protection measures are the most effective ways to prevent skin cancer.