What is Earwax (Cerumen or Impaction)?

Earwax, also known as cerumen or impaction, is a natural secretion produced in the ear canal. Thanks to its oily and moisturizing structure, it serves as a protective mechanism for the ear canal. Its color may vary from person to person, ranging from yellow to dark brown. Contrary to popular belief, earwax is not harmful; on the contrary, it is beneficial for the body.

Functions of Earwax

1- Provides Protection: Earwax traps dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles, preventing them from reaching the eardrum. In this way, it protects the ear canal from external factors.

2- Moisturizes: It helps maintain a healthy environment by preventing the ear canal from drying out and becoming irritated.

Why Does Excess Earwax (Impaction) Form?

Normally, earwax is expelled from the ear. However, in some cases, this natural process can be disrupted, leading to a buildup of wax that causes a blockage. This condition is called “impaction.” Some common reasons for impaction include:

• Anatomy of the Ear Canal: Narrow or curved ear canals tend to accumulate wax more frequently.
• Incorrect Cleaning Habits: Trying to clean the ear with cotton swabs or other objects often pushes the wax deeper.
• Excessive Production: Some individuals produce more earwax than normal.
• Device Use: Continuous use of earplugs, hearing aids, or headphones can prevent earwax from leaving the ear.

Symptoms of Earwax Impaction

Excess wax buildup in the ear can lead to the following symptoms:

• Temporary Hearing Loss: The buildup of wax may block sound from reaching the eardrum.
• Fullness Sensation: A feeling of pressure and blockage may occur in the ear.
• Tinnitus: A constant ringing or buzzing sensation.
• Pain: Excessive buildup may cause an infection, leading to pain.

What to Do When Impaction Occurs?

Do Not Attempt to Self-Treat: Using cotton swabs or hard objects to clean the ear often worsens the situation by pushing the wax deeper.

Seek Professional Help: If you experience hearing loss, pain, or a feeling of fullness, consult an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist). The doctor can safely remove the blockage using specialized tools or ear irrigation methods.

Conclusion

Earwax is an essential part of the body’s natural defense system. However, excessive buildup can reduce the quality of daily life. In such cases, seeking help from a specialist rather than trying to solve the problem on your own is the best approach. Remember, to protect your ear health, avoid unnecessary manipulation of your ears. Healthy ears mean clear hearing!