Dizziness (Vertigo)
Dizziness is a condition that causes a person to feel like everything around them is spinning or causes a loss of balance. However, vertigo is not a disease; it is a symptom of various underlying issues. You can think of it simply as follows: Our body receives signals from three main systems to maintain balance: eyes, inner ear, and musculoskeletal system. When there is a malfunction in one of these systems or when the signals they send contradict each other, the brain becomes confused and interprets this as dizziness.
The most common cause of dizziness is issues related to the inner ear, a complex system responsible for balance, located deep within the ear. The inner ear not only helps with hearing but also helps maintain balance by detecting the body’s position and movement. If there is a problem in this system, dizziness can become inevitable.
How Does the Inner Ear Lead to Dizziness?
Inside the inner ear, there are fluid-filled canals and tiny crystals. These structures detect the movement and posture of the head and send sensitive balance information to the brain. However, when a problem occurs in this system, such as the displacement of crystals or improper transmission of signals, the brain receives incorrect information. This leads to a loss of balance and a sensation of dizziness.
Common Causes of Dizziness
- Displacement of Crystals (BPPV)
When tiny calcium crystals in the inner ear move out of place, sudden dizziness may occur due to head movements. This condition, known as “positional vertigo,” is the most common cause of vertigo. - Inner Ear Infection (Vestibular Neuritis)
Dizziness may occur as a result of inflammation of the balance nerve in the inner ear following an infection, such as a cold or flu. This condition usually begins suddenly and can last for hours. - Meniere’s Disease
Excess fluid buildup in the inner ear leads to a feeling of fullness in the ear, ringing, and sudden dizziness episodes. This condition can sometimes cause hearing loss as well.
