Antrochoanal polyp is a type of nasal polyp that can affect the nose and sinus health, usually originating from the maxillary sinus. More commonly seen in children and young adults, this polyp typically extends from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx and often appears unilaterally. In this regard, antrochoanal polyp is different from the more common nasal polyposis.
Antrochoanal Polyp and Nasal Polyposis: What Are the Differences?
Although nasal polyps and antrochoanal polyps share some common features, they are distinct pathologies:
Origin and Location:
Antrochoanal polyp typically originates from the maxillary sinuses and extends from the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx. It is usually unilateral and appears as a single large polyp.
Nasal polyposis, on the other hand, often originates from the ethmoid sinuses and causes bilateral, multiple polyp formation within the nasal cavity.
Patient Profile:
Antrochoanal polyps are more commonly seen in children and young adults.
Nasal polyposis typically occurs in adults and is associated with underlying conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, or aspirin intolerance.
Symptoms:
Antrochoanal polyp usually causes unilateral nasal congestion, postnasal drip, and loss of smell.
Nasal polyposis typically presents with bilateral nasal congestion, continuous nasal discharge, and significant loss of smell.
What Are the Symptoms?
Although antrochoanal polyps tend to grow slowly, they can cause bothersome symptoms as they enlarge. The most common symptoms include:
- Unilateral nasal congestion
- Nasal discharge (usually clear or yellowish)
- Loss of smell
- Headache and a feeling of pressure in the sinuses
- Postnasal drip and chronic cough
Diagnosis Methods
The diagnosis of antrochoanal polyps begins with an examination by an expert in Otolaryngology (ENT). The following methods are used for diagnosis:
- Nasal Endoscopy: The nasal cavity is examined with a camera to evaluate the location and size of the polyp.
- Imaging Techniques: Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) scans are used to determine the full size of the polyp and its effects on the sinuses.
- Biopsy: A biopsy may be necessary to confirm whether the polyp is benign.
Treatment Methods
The treatment of antrochoanal polyps is usually surgical. The main treatment methods include:
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS):
A minimally invasive surgical technique performed through the nose. The polyp is completely removed with the help of an endoscope. This method is the most commonly preferred due to its short recovery time and low risk of complications.
Caldwell-Luc Procedure:
In cases where ESS is not suitable, a more invasive method called the Caldwell-Luc procedure may be used. In this technique, an incision is made through the mouth to access the maxillary sinus, and the polyp is completely removed. This is an effective method, especially for large polyps, but the recovery process may take a bit longer.
Conclusion
Antrochoanal polyps and nasal polyposis are two separate pathologies that can affect nasal and sinus health but require different treatment and follow-up processes. The ability to effectively treat antrochoanal polyps with surgical intervention makes early diagnosis even more critical. Therefore, it is important to consult an ENT specialist when symptoms such as nasal congestion and loss of smell are noticed.
