Throat Cancer (Laryngeal Cancer) (Larynx Cancer)

Throat cancer, also known as laryngeal cancer, is a serious condition that develops in the throat and often presents mild symptoms in its early stages. What may seem like simple hoarseness or a sore throat could sometimes be the first warning signs of this disease. Early detection and treatment are crucial. Here’s what you need to know about throat cancer:

Key Symptoms

The symptoms of throat cancer can be mistaken for everyday issues. However, if some symptoms persist for an extended period, they should be taken seriously:

1) Hoarseness: Persistent hoarseness or voice changes lasting more than two to three weeks could be a significant sign.

2) Difficulty Swallowing: If you feel a sensation of food getting stuck while eating, consult a doctor.

3) Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing consistently requires medical attention.

4) Neck Swelling: Pay attention to noticeable swelling or lumps in your neck.

5) Ear Pain: Unexplained ear pain may sometimes be linked to throat issues.

6) Persistent Sore Throat: A sore throat that does not improve with treatment can also be a warning sign.

If you experience any of these symptoms and they do not resolve, seek medical advice promptly.

How Is Throat Cancer Diagnosed?

If symptoms are present, doctors follow several steps for diagnosis:

1) Physical Examination: The doctor examines your throat and neck for abnormalities.

2) Endoscopy (Laryngoscopy): A small camera is used to inspect your throat.

3) Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken under general anesthesia from a suspicious area for pathological examination.

4) Imaging Tests: Tests like CT scans or MRIs check whether the cancer has spread.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the location and stage of the cancer in the larynx:

Surgical Treatment: Cancerous tissues are removed. Small tumors may be excised and vaporized using laser methods. In advanced cases, a portion or the entire larynx may be surgically removed.

Partial Laryngectomy:

Partial laryngectomy involves removing only a part of the larynx, specifically the cancerous area. This method is typically used for smaller tumors. The goal is to remove the cancer while preserving as much of the healthy larynx as possible, allowing the patient to retain speech and swallowing functions.

Total Laryngectomy:

Total laryngectomy involves the complete removal of the larynx, including the vocal cords. This surgery results in the loss of normal speaking ability. However, after surgery, communication can be re-established using mechanical speech devices or learning esophageal speech. These techniques help patients learn to speak in a new way.

Tracheotomy and Tracheostomy:

Tracheostomy is a procedure where an opening is made in the front of the neck, below the larynx, into the windpipe (trachea). A tube (cannula) is placed in this opening to allow breathing. If the larynx is partially removed, the tube is usually temporary. However, after a total laryngectomy, the opening (stoma) becomes permanent, and the patient breathes through this hole for life, losing normal speech ability.

Neck Dissection:

Neck dissection is often performed in throat cancer surgeries to remove lymph nodes that contain cancer cells or those at high risk of spreading.

1) Radiation Therapy: Cancer cells are destroyed using targeted beams of radiation. This method is often used in early-stage cancers to preserve the voice or as a follow-up treatment after surgery in advanced stages.

2) Chemotherapy: Typically not used as the primary treatment but may be used in recurrent cases.

3) Speech Therapy and Voice Prosthetics: If the larynx is entirely removed, speech therapy and devices help patients regain the ability to communicate.

Who Is at Risk?

Certain habits and conditions increase the risk of throat cancer:

1) Smoking and Tobacco Use: The biggest risk factor.

2) Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Risk increases significantly when combined with smoking.

3) HPV Virus: Certain types can lead to throat cancer.

4) Nutritional Deficiency: Diets low in vitamins and antioxidants can increase risk.

How Can You Protect Yourself?

To reduce the risk of throat cancer, take the following steps:

1) Quit Smoking and Alcohol: Avoiding these can significantly lower the risk.

2) Maintain a Balanced Diet: Consuming fruits and vegetables protects your cells.

3) Get the HPV Vaccine: This vaccine provides protection against HPV infection.

4) Regular Doctor Visits: Especially if you’re at risk, routine check-ups are essential.

Conclusion

Throat cancer is a treatable disease if detected early. Do not ignore symptoms like hoarseness or a sore throat, and consult a specialist. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, you can protect yourself from this disease. Remember, your health is your most valuable asset.