Tongue Cancer

Tongue cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the tongue grow uncontrollably. In most cases, it originates from the squamous cells that cover the surface of the tongue. Tongue cancer generally appears in two areas:

1) Front of the Tongue: Found on the visible, movable part of the tongue. This type is usually detected earlier.

2) Base of the Tongue: Located at the back near the throat. This type is often detected later.

Tongue cancer is also associated with oral cancers and may affect nearby tissues.

What Causes Tongue Cancer?

The exact cause of tongue cancer is not always known, but certain factors increase the risk:

• Smoking and Alcohol: Smokers have a much higher risk of tongue cancer compared to non-smokers. Alcohol consumption further amplifies this risk.
• HPV Infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly sexually transmitted types, can increase the risk of tongue cancer.
• Age and Gender: Tongue cancer is more common in men over the age of 40.
• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of tongue cancer can also elevate the risk.

In some cases, tongue cancer can develop without any of these risk factors.

What Are the Symptoms of Tongue Cancer?

The symptoms of tongue cancer depend on whether it is located in the front part of the tongue or the base:

Front of the Tongue:

• A painful or painless sore or lump on the side of the tongue.
• Gray-pink or red sores that bleed easily.
• Difficulty or pain when moving the tongue.

Base of the Tongue:

• Persistent throat pain or a feeling of fullness in the throat.
• Difficulty swallowing or a sensation of something stuck in the throat.
• Changes in voice or hoarseness.
• Swelling or a lump in the neck.
• Ear pain or discomfort.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is crucial to consult a doctor.

How Is Tongue Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosing tongue cancer involves several steps:

1) Doctor Examination: The doctor examines the tongue, mouth, and neck for any abnormalities.

2) Imaging Tests:

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT (Computed Tomography): Used to determine the size and spread of the tumor.
• PET Scan: Detects tumor activity.

3) Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken from the suspicious area for laboratory analysis to confirm the diagnosis.

How Is Tongue Cancer Treated?

Treatment depends on the size, location, and stage of the cancer. Common methods include:

1) Surgery:

• Small tumors are often completely removed surgically.
• For larger tumors, surrounding tissues and lymph nodes may also be removed.
• After surgery, speech and swallowing functions may be affected, but reconstructive surgery can significantly mitigate these effects.

2) Radiation Therapy:

• High-energy beams are used to kill or shrink cancer cells.
• Treatment typically lasts 5 days a week for 5-6 weeks.

3) Chemotherapy:

• Drugs are used to kill cancer cells.
• It may be combined with radiation therapy or used to relieve symptoms in advanced stages.

How Can You Prevent Tongue Cancer?

To reduce the risk of tongue cancer, consider the following:

• Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Quitting tobacco and alcohol significantly reduces the risk.
• Get the HPV Vaccine: Protects against human papillomavirus.
• Regular Check-Ups: If you notice a sore or lump in your mouth or tongue, consult a specialist immediately.

Conclusion: Early Detection Saves Lives

Tongue cancer is a serious condition, but the chances of successful treatment are high if detected early. If you experience a persistent sore, lump, or pain in your tongue or mouth, do not delay consulting a doctor. Remember, a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups minimize your risks.