Nosebleeds in Adults

Nosebleeds are a condition that many people experience at least once in their lifetime. Although they are usually caused by dry air, nose picking, or minor trauma, they can sometimes be a sign of an underlying serious health problem. In adults, recurring, prolonged, or hard-to-stop nosebleeds should not be ignored.

Common Causes of Nosebleeds

The inside of the nose has a dense network of capillaries. Therefore, even minor irritations can lead to bleeding. The most common causes include:

• Dry air and low humidity: The use of heaters and air conditioners in cold weather can dry out the nasal mucosa and make the blood vessels more sensitive.
• Trauma to the nose: Picking the nose, blowing the nose forcefully, or a blow to the nose can damage the blood vessels.
• Allergies and respiratory infections: Sinusitis, flu, or allergic reactions can irritate the nasal mucosa and increase the risk of bleeding.
• High blood pressure (hypertension): High blood pressure can cause the small blood vessels in the nose to rupture. In cases of sudden and severe bleeding, blood pressure control is important.
• Blood-thinning medications: Aspirin and anticoagulants can prolong the duration of bleeding.

Less Known and Serious Causes

While some nosebleeds are caused by simple factors, frequent and prolonged bleeding may indicate serious underlying health problems. These include:

• Leukemia and Lymphoma: Diseases affecting the blood and lymphatic system may present with nosebleeds.
• Liver diseases and blood clotting disorders: The liver produces proteins that help blood clot. Liver diseases (cirrhosis, hepatitis, etc.) can lead to clotting disorders.
• Growths or tumors in the nose: Although rare, benign or malignant tumors in the nasal region can cause nosebleeds. If there are symptoms like unilateral nosebleeds, nasal obstruction, or facial swelling, it is important to consult an ENT specialist.

Measures to Prevent Nosebleeds

• Increase room humidity: Humidifiers can protect the nasal mucosa.
• Moisturize the inside of the nose: Saline nasal sprays or a thin layer of nasal moisturizers can prevent dryness.
• Control your blood pressure: High blood pressure can strain the blood vessels, leading to nosebleeds. A balanced diet and regular blood pressure monitoring are important.
• Use blood-thinning medications under doctor supervision: Dosage adjustments may be necessary.
• Pay attention to nasal hygiene: Instead of cleaning the nose forcefully, it is better to gently wash and moisturize.

What to Do When a Nosebleed Occurs?

When a nosebleed starts, follow these steps:

1. Sit up straight and tilt your head slightly forward. This prevents the blood from running down your throat and causing nausea.
2. Pinch your nostrils tightly together. Use your thumb and index finger to pinch your nose for 10-15 minutes and breathe through your mouth.
3. Apply a cold compress. Placing a cold compress on your nose bridge or the back of your neck can help constrict the blood vessels.
4. Be careful after the bleeding stops. Hot drinks, sudden movements, and forceful nose blowing may trigger bleeding again.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Although nosebleeds may seem simple, they can be an important signal from your body. Understanding the underlying cause and taking necessary precautions will help protect your health.